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| Charles I of Austria's attempts to retake the throne of Hungary ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Charles I of Austria's attempts to retake the throne of Hungary
After Miklós Horthy was chosen Regent of Hungary on 1 March 1920, Charles I of Austria, who had also reigned as Charles IV of Hungary, returned to Hungary twice, to try unsuccessfully to retake his throne. His attempts are called the "First" and "Second Royal ''coups d'état''" (''első és második királypuccs'' in Hungarian) respectively.
==Background==
On 13 November 1918, Charles issued a proclamation in which he relinquished his right to take part in Hungarian affairs of state. He also released the officials in the Hungarian half of the empire from their oath of loyalty to him. This came two days after he issued a similar statement withdrawing from Austrian politics. Although these statements have been described as abdications, Charles deliberately avoided using that term in the event the people of either nation recalled him.〔''Kings and Queens of Hungary & Princes of Transylvania'', by István Gombás published by Corvina, Budapest, 2002 (ISBN 963-13-5152-1)〕
Charles's last Hungarian prime minister, Mihály Károlyi, took advantage of the situation and proclaimed the Hungarian Democratic Republic, with himself as provisional president. The continued Allied occupation made Károlyi's situation untenable, and in March 1919 he was pushed out of office by a Social Democratic-Communist coalition that made Hungary a Soviet republic. Under the Communist leader Bela Kun, Hungary became the world's second Communist nation. However, Kun's harsh rule alienated large numbers of people, and he was overthrown in August. Eventually, Archduke Joseph August took power as regent for Charles, only to be forced out when the Allies refused to recognize him.
Finally, in March 1920, Miklós Horthy, the last commander of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, was named regent of Hungary."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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